语用学框架下的女性话语特征分析-以《绝望的主妇》为例_英语论文

The Female Discourse Analysis Based on Pragmatics---A Case Study of American Sitcom Desperate Housewives

摘要

二十世纪以来，语言与性别已经成为社会语言学家们的一个热点话题。由于女性的特殊角色，使其语言具有特殊性。而对女性话语特征的研究，有助于我们加深对女性的了解，减少日常交流障碍。流行美剧《绝望主妇》描述了几位家庭主妇们的日常生活故事。其中家庭主妇们之间的交谈是这部美剧最吸引人的特色之一,所以， 它很适合作为语言学研究语料来使用。本文属于语言学和文体学的多学科研究。本篇论文将以《绝望主妇》为研究对象,从语用学层面对《绝望主妇》中的女性话语特征作深刻而广泛的研究。从语用学角度而言,本文以语用学理论中的言语行为理论，礼貌理论，合作原则，交际能力为分析框架，旨在探讨语用原则及其理论是如何在剧中女性人物的对话中体现的，据此得出女性话语在会话这个层面上的特色。本论文的创新之处在于:本文语料来自美国流行电视剧《绝望主妇》中的台词片断,而非传统的英美小说，使其语言更加贴近真实生活,所以本论文的研究结果将更加真实、有效和更具说服力。 

  本文写作将分为五大部分。其中，文章的第一部分将会引出选题。在第二部分中，进行有关话语分析的文献综述，包括女性话语分析。第三部分介绍语用学理论中的言语行为理论，礼貌理论，合作原则，交际能力理论。第四部分重点阐述女性话语特征在美剧《绝望主妇》中的具体体现。包括语音、词汇、语法、话题等层面的具体特色。最后一部分，文章的结论部分，将对文章的所有内容进行总结。

关键词：话语分析，言语行为理论，合作原则，礼貌理论

Abstract

Since the 20th century, language and gender has become a hot topic of social linguists. Women's special role, make its language has particularity. And the study of female discourse, help us to deepen understanding of women and reduce the daily communication barriers. The popular TV drama, Desperate Housewives, describes the daily life of several housewives. The conversation between the housewives is one of the most attractive features of the show, so it is very suitable to be used as corpus in linguistic research. This article belongs to linguistics and stylistics of multidisciplinary research. And I will take the Desperate Housewives as the research object, and made a deep and extensive research of its female discourse from the aspect of pragmatics. From the perspective of pragmatics, this article is based on speech act theory, politeness theory, cooperative principles, communicative competence, and aimed to explore the pragmatic principles and how its theory is reflected in the conversation of these ladies. Thus we may draw characteristic of female discourse in the session level. The innovation of this paper lies in the corpus, which is from the lines of the popular TV series, Desperate Housewives, rather than the traditional British and American novels, and these lines make its language more close to real life, so the results of this paper will be more real, more convincing and effective.

As for the structure of the article, I will divide it into the main five parts. The first part of the article will lead to the topic. In the second part, I will do some literature review on discourse including female discourse analysis. In the third part, I will introduce the theory of pragmatics, such as speech act theory, politeness theory, cooperative principle, the theory of communicative competence etc. In the fourth part, I will emphasis on the embodiment of female discourse in the TV drama, Desperate Housewives, including its pronunciation, vocabulary, grammar and topics. In the last part, the conclusion of the article, I will summarize all the contents of the article.

Key words: Discourse Analysis, Speech Act Theory, Cooperative Principle, Politeness Theory