Abstract

Because of the increase of the academic exchange, English has become a widely accepted language and the demand on scholars’ academic communicative capacity is on the increase. There is no doubt that academic writing plays an important role in academic exchange. Therefore, in recent years, the importance of academic writing has been widely recognized, and many major universities have set up academic writing courses help students develop skillful writing competence, yet students’ language pragmatic ability is still weak. At the same time, many domestic and abroad scholars devote to researching on second language academic writing, aiming at provide theoretic and pedagogical guidance to academic writing. Ken Hyland is one of the most excellent scholars on the scope of second language teaching. His framework of metadiscourse focuses attention on the ways how writers organize the propositional contents, project themselves into their work and engage the readers.
This is a report on the translation of Representing readers in writing: Student and expert practices, a pedagogic academic literature written by Ken Hyland, discussing the translation theories and techniques of English for Science and Technology (EST) according to practical experience. The idea in Ken Hyland’s article also gives advices to academic writing.
The paper is divided essentially into five parts. Firstly, it introduces the major linguistic characteristics of EST text, including its lexical, syntactic and textual features. The second part covers the basic translation theories, including Nida’s theory of functional equivalence and Reiss’s theory of Text Typology, aiming to verify the feasibility of applying of theory to do translation. The third part puts translation strategies into practice, which exemplifies the meaning of literal translation and free translation. The fourth part discusses and illustrates the effectiveness of application of translation techniques to the translation text, focusing on how to translate complex long sentences. These translation techniques include terminologization, nominalization and inversion. The fifth part functions as the concluding part and
summarizes the writer’s major findings and reflections.

Keywords: academic paper translation; dynamic equivalence; nominalization; long sentences translation

摘要

随着国际学术交流的日益频繁, 英语作为被广泛接受的语言，对学者的学术交流能力的要求也随之增加。学术写作无疑在学术交流中起到重要作用。近几年，人们意识到学术论文写作的重要性，因此重点大学纷纷开设学术写作课程提高学生的写作能力。同时，国内外学者作了大量有关学术论文写作的研究，旨在提供理论和教学指导。海兰德就是其中一位知名学者，他提出的元话语框架关注作者如何组织命题内容、如何投射自我，并与读者建立关系。
  本文是一篇基于海兰德《写作中的读者观点表述——学生和专家的写作策略对比》的翻译实践报告，根据实际翻译体验探讨翻译理论和翻译技巧。同时，海兰德在论文中提到的“介入”理论对学术写作有指导性意义。
  本论文共分为五个部分。第一部分为引言部分，从词语、句式和篇章层面描述了科技英语文本的主要特点。第二部分简单介绍了翻译的基本理论，如奈达的功能对等理论和赖斯的文本类型理论并举例说明理论对科技英语翻译的指导作用。第三部分通过实例分析，介绍了翻译直译与意译的定义。第四部分，从术语翻译，名词化现象论证翻译技巧应用于科技文本翻译实践的有效性，并着重关注复杂长难句翻译技巧。第五部分为文章的结语，总结了翻译实践中的主要发现以及心得体会。

关键词：学术论文翻译；动态对等翻译理论；名词化翻译；长难句翻译