试析汉语文化负载词的翻译_英语论文

A Tentative Study of the Translation of Chinese Culturally-loads Words

摘要

由于历史发展的不同，各民族都有自己独特的文化。文化负载词是具有民族文化色彩的词语，是一个民族语言系统中最直接最敏感的反映该民族历史文化和民俗风情的语言现象。汉语博大精深，文化负载词也极其丰富，但是由于不同语言间的词义空缺现象，文化负载词给中外文化的顺畅交流造成了障碍。本文主要介绍造成语义空缺的原因，汉语文化负载词的类型，并重点分析文化负载词的翻译方法，旨在帮助英语学习者更加全面地了解汉语文化负载词。本研究表明：词汇空缺的原因有四方面：自然环境差异、传统信仰的差异、民族价值的差异、民族风俗和习惯的差异。汉语文化负载词大致可以分为物质文化负载词、宗教文化负载词和社会文化负载词。对文化负载词的翻译，译者可以根据不同情形采用五种方法：直译法、意译法、音译法、文化替代法和注解法。

关键词：文化负载词 语义空缺 类型 翻译方法

Abstract

Because of differences in historical development, each nation has its own unique culture. Culturally-loaded words, that is, words loaded with national culture, reflect national history and culture most directly. Chinese culturally-loaded words are extremely rich, and have created obstacles to the smooth communication and translation between cultures. This thesis introduces the causes of semantic vacancy, the classification of Chinese culturally-loads words, and mainly focuses on the strategies for translating those words. It aims to help English learners better understand Chinese culturally-loaded words. This study shows that: there are four reasons for lexical vacancies: cultural differences in the national environment, in the national values, in traditional beliefs and in national customs and habits. Chinese culturally-loaded words can be divided into material culturally-loaded words, religious culturally-loaded and social culturally-loaded. To translate Chinese culturally-loaded words, the translator can adopt five methods: literal translation, free translation, transliteration, cultural substitution and annotation translation. 

Key words: cultural-loaded words; semantic vacancy; classification; translation strategies