摘  要

在经济全球化的趋势下，日益增多的跨国商业交易吸引了越来越多的人对口译的关注。口译在跨文化交际中扮演着一个十分重要的角色。然而，口译者自己文化中的交际模式，思维方式，文化规约往往会成为他们理解或表达真实想法的制约。在口译研究和实践中，口译者常常会因为跨文化意识的缺失而忽略语用失误，结果造成误解有时候甚至迫使整个交流中断。因此除了在语言能力和口译技巧方面的研究，本文将结合语用学来研究口译，列举5个关于中西文化方面的差异，以便口译者能够更好地注意到忽略这一因素将会导致的后果。本文还将介绍语用失误的分类，分析它们的成因。最后，给口译者提出一些建议和策略，希望帮助他们在口译实践中减少失误，取得更好的口译效果。

关键词：跨文化交流；口译；语用失误；策略

Abstract

    The globalization of economy and resulting ballooning transnational business transactions has attached more attention to interpretation, which plays a significant role in cross-cultural communication. However, the communicating mode, way of thinking, and cultural norms of one’s own culture will exert an obstructive impact on understanding and expressing real intentions, causing pragmatic failures. Among the interpretation studies and practices, interpreters often pay no notice to pragmatic failures arise from their lacking of cross-cultural awareness；as a result， it will bring about misunderstanding, sometimes even break down the entire communication. Thus, it is of vital importance to discuss about pragmatic failures combined with other disciplines, other than confined to linguistic aspect and interpreting skills like many other researches before. In fact, many mistakes and misunderstandings could be avoided if proper measures are taken. The paper will first give an introduction and comparison among researches in the West and China. Chapter three will list five respects of cultural differences between Chinese and English, providing a clear presentation of consequences of ignoring cultural and pragmatic elements during interpretation. Then it will come to the two kinds of pragmatic failures and their causes. After analyzing the root causes of these misinterpreting, it demonstrates the ultimate goal of this paper, which is to offer some suggestions and strategies for interpreters to raise their awareness of pragmatic failures and therefore tackle them properly by enhancing their cultural and pragmatic competence, and finally reach an effective communication.

Key words: cross-cultural communication; interpretation; pragmatic failure; strategy