《小妇人》中译本的连词翻译研究

Contrastive Analysis on Conjunctions in Translation—A Case Study of Little Women and Its Two Chinese Versions 

摘要

连词在文章中常常起着连接句子，表明逻辑关系的作用, 是语篇衔接的重要手段之一。但因为不同语言的句法结构、表达方式及思维方式不同，有些语言中有时并不使用连词也能表达诸如时间、因果等逻辑关系。汉语就是这样一个典型的例子。汉语更多的是通过上下文展示句子意义和逻辑，具有表意功能；而英语则常常借助各种连词明确其内涵逻辑。在中英文中，连词的分类、用法意义、句法位置、“隐”，“显”及翻译等一直是国内外学者研究的内容。 

由于对连词的研究较多地集中在单一语言中，而对跨语言的连词翻译的研究不够充分，针对整个文本语篇的对比研究也不够系统。因此，本文以路易莎·梅·奥尔科特的《小妇人》及其两个中译本（刘春英、陈玉立译本和洪怡译本）为研究对象，以对比分析和举例分析为研究方法，对其中出现频率较高的连词如and，but, if, when进行数据统计和中英对比分析。通过英译中这一纵向分析和两个中译本的横向对比，探讨连词的“隐”、“显”、意义用法、及翻译中如何处理等。这样，既能帮助我们更好的了解英语连词的意义和不同的用法，也能让我们在翻译中更准确地判断文章中的逻辑关系，并适当地处理连词，以符合汉语的句法结构、表达习惯，也符合读者的思维方式。

关键词：连词，对比分析，隐显，翻译

Abstract
Conjunction is one of the cohesive devices which connects sentences and indicates logical relations in the text. But in some languages, the logical relationship like temporal and causal relations etc can be expressed without employing any explicit conjunctions, because different languages have different cultures, different sentence structures and different ways of thinking and expression. And Chinese is just one of the typical cases, which tends to convey the logical relations covertly between clauses, sentences and paragraphs depending on the context. However, English usually displays the relations overtly with diversify conjunctions. Therefore, scholars at home and abroad have pay increasing attention to the classification, the usage, the syntactic position, explicitness and implicitness, and the translation of conjunctions in English and Chinese.
Since the researches are mainly confined in one certain language and the translation of conjunctions are merely studied contrastively in an integrate text, especially with the original text and its two Chinese versions. Therefore, this paper will pick up the conjunctions with higher frequencies (and, but, if, when) in the English text Little Women by Luisa May Alcott as the data and examples, and analyze them contrastively with two Chinese versions: Hong Yi’s version and Liu Chunying’s version. Through the comparison of the conjunctions in English and Chinese texts, and the analysis of the translation in the two Chinese versions, this paper will probe into the four kinds of conjunction in English and Chinese texts, the implicitness and explicitness of conjunctions, and the translation issues of conjunctions systematically.
Thus, we can know more about the meaning and function of the conjunctions, and learn to deal with the conjunctions precisely, so as to translate the whole text in a more proper and natural way.
Key words: conjunctions, contrastive analysis, implicitness and explicitness, translation